What is a Stock Broker? Meaning, Function, Types & Qualifications

Who is a Stock Broker?

A stock broker is a middleman who has the authority to buy and sell stocks and securities in a stock exchange on the investor’s behalf

Stocks are traded through exchanges. However, an investor cannot directly trade in stock exchanges. To buy a stock or sell a stock through exchanges, you need an intermediary who will help you with the transaction. This middleman can be a person or a company who is authorised to buy and sell stocks and other securities on your behalf. Such a person or a company is known as a stockbroker. Stockbrokers are generally associated with a stockbroking firm, but they can also be an independent person. For providing this service, a stockbroker charges a commission or a fee.

When understanding stockbroker meaning, one should note that a stockbroker is performing a service for the investor. The role of a broker is to buy and sell shares for a client. Stockbrokers also play another vital role; they provide information that helps an investor make correct investment decisions.

Functions of Stock Brokers

Let us look at the services a stockbroker traditionally provides to its clients in greater detail.

1. Stockbrokers give accurate advice on buying and selling stocks and other securities. Since they know the markets, they can advise a client on what stocks to buy and sell and when to buy or sell them.  They thoroughly research securities before making such recommendations
2. Stockbrokers buy and sell shares on behalf of their clients and handle the associated paperwork. They also act as a record keeper and keep records of all transactions, statements and so on
3. Stockbrokers manage the client’s investment portfolio and provide regular updates to their clients about their portfolios. They also answer investment questions that a client may have
4. Stockbrokers inform their client about any new investment opportunity in the stock market
5. Stockbroker also helps a client to make changes in investment strategies depending on the market conditions

How are they regulated?

Stockbrokers are governed under the Securities and Exchange Board of India Act 1992, Securities Contract Regulations Act, 1956, and also the Securities and Exchange Board of India (Stockbrokers and sub-brokers Regulations), 1992. Stockbrokers are also regulated under other rules, regulations and bylaws that SEBI may issue from time to time. Every stockbroker in India needs to be a member of stock exchanges and also requires to be registered with SEBI. Stockbrokers display their registration details on their websites and even on official documents. One can also visit the Sebi website and find details of registered stockbrokers.

Types of stockbrokers

Now that you know what is a stockbroker and also how they are regulated, let us take a look at the types of stockbrokers. Based on types of service provided, there are two types of stockbrokers- full-service stockbroker and a discount stockbroker.

Full-service stockbrokers: Full-service stockbrokers offer a full stack of services to its clients. They are traditional brokers who provide a trading facility coupled with advisory services. For this reason, the fees charged by full-service stockbrokers are high, and the brokerage they charge is based on the total amount of trades that are executed by the client. Full-service brokerages are established players who have branches located all over the country. Clients can visit these branches for service and advice.

Discount stockbrokers: Discount stockbrokers have come into existence due to the increased use and availability of the Internet. These brokers provide an online trading platform for their clients. However, discount brokers do not offer advisory services and research facilities. For this reason, discount brokers also charge fewer commissions, which is mostly a flat fee.

All brokerages now provide services online where a customer can log in with a username and password and execute trades. Online stockbroking services are faster since transactions can be done with the help of the Internet, and the broker can also connect with the client through chat rooms, emails and provide real-time updates.

When knowing what is a stockbroker, it is also essential to understand the meaning of a sub-broker. A sub-broker is a person or agent who is appointed by brokers to act on their behalf. A sub-broker is not a member of the stock exchange. Sub brokers need to register with SEBI without which they do not have the permission to deal in securities.

Difference Between Traditional Stockbroker and Discount Broker

Qualifications of a stockbroker

To become a stockbroker in India, individuals must meet certain qualifications and regulations set forth by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI). Typically, aspiring stockbrokers pursue a bachelor’s degree in finance, business administration, economics, or a related field. Additionally, they must pass the required examinations administered by SEBI, such as the NISM Series XV – Research Analyst Certification Examination and the NISM Series XVIII – Financial Education Certification Examination.

Furthermore, stockbrokers are expected to possess strong analytical skills, market knowledge, and the ability to make informed investment decisions. They should also demonstrate proficiency in communication, as they often interact with clients to provide advice and guidance regarding investment strategies and market trends. Continuous education and staying updated with evolving market regulations and trends are essential for maintaining licensure and competency in the field.

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