Tax Exemption Claims for Senior Citizens Over 75 Years of Age – True or False?

A message has been widely shared on social media stating that senior citizens above 75 years of age do not have to pay income tax. It attributes this change to a government decision following India’s 75th year of independence.

This claim, however, is completely false.

What Does the Law Actually Say?

According to a post by the PIB Fact Check handle on X, under Section 194P of the Income Tax Act, senior citizens aged 75 or above who meet specific criteria are exempt from filing an income tax return (ITR). This does not mean they are exempt from paying taxes.

To qualify for this exemption from filing ITR, the following conditions must be fulfilled:

  • The individual must be a resident Indian senior citizen aged 75 or above.
  • They must have only pension income and interest income (earned from the same bank where they receive the pension).
  • The specified bank will compute its total income and deduct applicable tax after allowing deductions (like under Section 80C).

Role of the Specified Bank

The exemption hinges on the bank being classified as a “specified bank” by the government. These banks are authorised to:

  • Compute the taxable income of such senior citizens
  • Deduct TDS (Tax Deducted at Source)
  • Ensure tax compliance without requiring the citizen to file an ITR

To benefit from this provision, eligible individuals must submit Form 12BBA to the bank with a declaration and proof of deductions.

PIB Fact Check: The Message Is Fake

The Press Information Bureau (PIB) Fact Check team has officially debunked the viral message. They clarified that there is no blanket exemption from paying taxes for citizens above 75. The exemption is only from filing returns and only for those who meet strict criteria.

Conclusion 

Being exempt from filing an ITR is not the same as being exempt from paying taxes. If income tax is applicable, it will still be deducted by the authorised bank even if an ITR is not filed.

Disclaimer: This blog has been written exclusively for educational purposes. The securities mentioned are only examples and not recommendations. This does not constitute a personal recommendation/investment advice. It does not aim to influence any individual or entity to make investment decisions. Recipients should conduct their own research and assessments to form an independent opinion about investment decisions. 

Investments in the securities market are subject to market risks, read all the related documents carefully before investing.

MGL and IGL Share Price in Focus Amid Reports of APM Gas Allocation Cut

On April 11, 2025, shares of Mahanagar Gas Limited (MGL) and Indraprastha Gas Ltd (IGL) exhibited notable intraday volatility. According to a news report, this turbulence was triggered by concerns surrounding a potential reduction in the allocation of Administered Pricing Mechanism (APM) gas to City Gas Distribution (CGD) companies.

MGL’s stock opened the session at ₹1,286, which also turned out to be the intraday high, and slid to a low of ₹1,238 as the session progressed. Similarly, IGL shares touched an intraday high of ₹180.55 before settling lower at ₹175 by 3:05 PM. Both counters reflected a swift pullback from their highs, driven by investor caution.

Understanding APM Gas and Its Importance for CGD Players

APM gas is domestically produced natural gas sold at regulated prices significantly lower than international or market-linked rates. For CGD companies such as MGL and IGL, APM gas plays a critical role in ensuring cost-effective supply, particularly for domestic piped natural gas (PNG) and compressed natural gas (CNG) used in vehicles.

The current allocation policy provides up to 50% of their requirements from cheaper APM gas sources. Any reduction in this quota may directly impact the cost structure of these firms, especially if the shortfall is substituted by costlier gas from new fields or imports.

Impact on Margins and Investor Sentiment

According to the news report, the government may reduce the APM gas allocation from 50% to 40%, forcing CGD firms to procure a greater share of their requirements from higher-priced alternatives. Such a shift is expected to increase the overall input costs, putting pressure on operating margins.

The immediate response in the stock market reflected this concern. MGL, in particular, saw its intraday gains fade as traders digested the potential impact of higher procurement costs on future earnings. A similar sentiment was observed in IGL, which also pulled back from session highs.

Broader Implications for the CGD Sector

If the reported reduction in APM gas allocation materialises, it could mark a turning point for the cost dynamics of the CGD industry. While companies may attempt to pass on some of the additional costs to end consumers, there are regulatory constraints and demand sensitivities that could limit their pricing power.

Moreover, rising input costs without a proportionate increase in selling prices may compress profit margins, particularly in high-volume, price-sensitive segments like public transport and residential users.

Conclusion

The reported potential cut in APM gas allocation has brought cost concerns to the forefront for CGD companies. As of now, no official confirmation has been issued, but the market reaction underscores the sensitivity of CGD players to input cost fluctuations, especially those tied to government-controlled resources. Investors and industry observers alike are likely to monitor further developments closely.

Disclaimer: This blog has been written exclusively for educational purposes. The securities mentioned are only examples and not recommendations. This does not constitute a personal recommendation/investment advice. It does not aim to influence any individual or entity to make investment decisions. Recipients should conduct their own research and assessments to form an independent opinion about investment decisions. 

Investments in the securities market are subject to market risks, read all the related documents carefully before investing.

Equity Inflows Dip in March 2025; Sectoral and Thematic Inflows Plunge by 97%, SIPs Inflows Decline

Equity mutual fund inflows registered a sharp decline in March 2025, falling to ₹25,082 crore from ₹29,303 crore in February – a drop of 14.4%, according to the latest AMFI data. The fall suggests investor hesitation amidst market uncertainty, fueled by global macroeconomic concerns and domestic headwinds.

Sectoral and Thematic Funds Witness 97% Drop in Inflows

The most dramatic shift was observed in Sectoral and Thematic Funds, where net inflows plunged 97%. These funds, which had attracted ₹5,712 crore in February, barely garnered ₹170 crore in March. This steep drop indicates a significant retreat by investors from theme-based or niche sector strategies during turbulent times.

SIP Inflows Record 4th Straight Monthly Decline

Systematic Investment Plan (SIP) inflows also continued their downward trend for the 4th consecutive month. In March 2025, SIP collections stood at ₹25,926 crore, slightly lower than ₹25,999 crore in February. While the dip may appear marginal, the consistent decline over several months reflects cautious behaviour by retail investors in response to volatile market conditions, US tariff concerns, inflationary pressures, and geopolitical developments.

Equity AUM Rises Despite Drop in Fresh Inflows

Interestingly, despite the decline in monthly inflows, the total equity assets under management (AUM) saw a notable increase. As per AMFI, equity AUM rose by 7.6%, from ₹27.4 lakh crore in February to ₹29.5 lakh crore in March 2025. This growth was likely driven by market appreciation and sustained long-term investments.

Mixed Performance Across Market Cap Categories

The equity mutual fund segment showed varied trends across market capitalisation categories:

  • Largecap Funds saw inflows decline by 13.5%, down from ₹2,866 crore in February to ₹2,479 crore in March. 
  • Midcap Funds posted a slight increase in net inflows, rising to ₹3,439 crore from ₹3,406 crore. 
  • Smallcap Funds recorded a healthy 10% month-on-month growth in inflows, climbing from ₹3,722 crore in February to ₹4,092 crore in March.

Liquid Funds See Steep Outflows

Liquid funds, which typically attract short-term capital due to their low-risk nature, witnessed a significant outflow of ₹1.33 lakh crore in March. This marks a stark contrast to February, when the category saw inflows of ₹4,977 crore. These funds invest in short-term debt instruments with maturities of up to 91 days and are often used by corporates to manage surplus liquidity.

Debt Fund Outflows Surge on Liquid Fund Redemptions

As a result of the heavy redemptions in liquid funds, the overall debt mutual fund category saw net outflows of ₹2.02 lakh crore in March. This is a significant reversal from February’s inflows of ₹6,525 crore. Such movements are often linked to institutional repositioning, fiscal year-end cash requirements, or shifts in interest rate expectations.

Overall Mutual Fund AUM Continues to Grow

Despite the challenges, the mutual fund industry’s total AUM continued to grow, reaching ₹65.74 lakh crore in March 2025 from ₹64.53 lakh crore in February. This rise highlights the resilience of the broader investor base and the impact of rising asset prices across segments.

Conclusion

March 2025 brought a combination of caution and continuity for the Indian mutual fund industry. While inflows into equity mutual funds, especially sectoral and thematic schemes, fell sharply, and SIPs continued to decline, overall AUM rose steadily. The data points to a discerning investor class, adjusting allocations in light of ongoing global and domestic challenges.

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Disclaimer: This blog has been written exclusively for educational purposes. The securities mentioned are only examples and not recommendations. This does not constitute a personal recommendation/investment advice. It does not aim to influence any individual or entity to make investment decisions. Recipients should conduct their own research and assessments to form an independent opinion about investment decisions. 

Mutual Fund investments in the securities market are subject to market risks, read all the related documents carefully before investing.

Cyient DLM Strengthens Ties with Deutsche Aircraft to Build Next-Gen Cabin Management Systems

Cyient DLM, a leading provider of integrated electronic manufacturing solutions, has announced the expansion of its partnership with Deutsche Aircraft, a regional aircraft manufacturer based in Germany. This enhanced collaboration will see Cyient DLM take on the design, development, and manufacturing of the Cabin Management System (CMS) for Deutsche Aircraft’s upcoming D328eco turboprop aircraft.

This project is not just a technological venture but also a significant endorsement of India’s aerospace manufacturing capabilities, aligning with the country’s Make in India initiative.

The share price of Cyient was seen trading flat at ₹1,149.90 as of 1:45 PM. 

Cabin Management System for D328eco: An Overview

The D328eco, a 40-seater next-generation regional turboprop aircraft, is designed to offer efficiency, sustainability, and passenger comfort. A key feature of this aircraft will be the Cabin Management System (CMS), which is being completely developed and manufactured in India through Cyient DLM’s expertise.

The CMS will allow both crew and passengers to manage essential cabin functionalities through a user-friendly touchscreen interface. These include controls for:

  • Cabin lighting
  • Passenger signs
  • Lavatory functions

With an emphasis on user experience, the system allows for the seamless adjustment of lighting intensity based on activity, supporting tasks such as reading, working, or relaxing.

Technological Advancements and Passenger-Centric Design

The CMS will be built using a modular and scalable architecture, allowing for upgrades and adaptation based on future requirements or aircraft variants. It incorporates state-of-the-art control electronics and display technology, underlining a modern approach to avionics design.

In addition, the system will be integrated with various sensors to ensure intuitive operation and enhanced safety. This design approach not only supports operational efficiency but also contributes to an improved in-flight experience.

A Milestone for India’s Aerospace Ecosystem

This collaboration marks one of the first instances where Deutsche Aircraft’s electronics programmes are being designed and manufactured entirely in India. It is a strong testament to the growing capabilities of India’s aerospace sector in handling end-to-end product development and certification for advanced aviation systems.

The involvement of Cyient DLM in such a strategic project demonstrates the country’s readiness to play a more prominent role in global aerospace supply chains.

Conclusion

The partnership between Cyient DLM and Deutsche Aircraft underscores the mutual confidence in engineering excellence and innovation. With this development, Cyient DLM not only reinforces its position as a reliable aerospace technology partner but also contributes to the broader vision of establishing India as a global hub for aviation technology design and manufacturing.

As the D328eco takes shape, this venture will be closely watched as a potential blueprint for future cross-border collaborations in high-tech manufacturing.

Disclaimer: This blog has been written exclusively for educational purposes. The securities mentioned are only examples and not recommendations. This does not constitute a personal recommendation/investment advice. It does not aim to influence any individual or entity to make investment decisions. Recipients should conduct their own research and assessments to form an independent opinion about investment decisions. 

Investments in the securities market are subject to market risks, read all the related documents carefully before investing.

United Spirits Receives Major Relief in Long-standing Service Tax Case

United Spirits Limited (USL), one of India’s prominent alcoholic beverage companies, has announced a significant development in a long-standing service tax matter. The case relates to tax demands raised for the period between September 2004 and June 2017.

According to a regulatory filing dated April 10, 2025, USL has received favourable orders from the Office of the Commissioner of Central Tax, Bengaluru. This order, issued on March 31, 2025 and received by the company on April 9, 2025, grants the company major relief on previously levied service tax demands.

The share price of USL was trading higher by 1.33% as of 1:38 PM. 

Substantial Reduction in Demand

Originally, the service tax demand against USL totalled ₹527.7 crore, which also included applicable interest and penalties. The dispute mainly centred on income from Contract Bottling Units (CBUs) being classified under Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) Services and on matters related to CENVAT credit availment.

However, after adjudication, the Commissioner granted complete relief from the ₹194.5 crore component of the demand. The overall demand has now been significantly reduced to ₹0.88 crore plus applicable interest and penalties.

Company’s Future Course of Action

Despite the favourable order, USL has stated its intention to appeal the residual demand. The company plans to file an appeal with the appropriate higher authority to contest the remaining ₹0.88 crore tax demand and related liabilities.

Financial Implications

According to the company’s risk assessment, no material financial impact is anticipated from the residual demand. The filing indicates that the company believes it has a strong case and, thus, does not foresee any significant financial burden arising from the remaining dispute.

Conclusion

This development marks a substantial milestone in a dispute spanning over a decade. While United Spirits has received considerable relief, its decision to pursue an appeal demonstrates its commitment to addressing even the residual liabilities thoroughly.

Disclaimer: This blog has been written exclusively for educational purposes. The securities mentioned are only examples and not recommendations. This does not constitute a personal recommendation/investment advice. It does not aim to influence any individual or entity to make investment decisions. Recipients should conduct their own research and assessments to form an independent opinion about investment decisions. 

Investments in the securities market are subject to market risks, read all the related documents carefully before investing.

RITES Share Price Gains Over 2% After MoU with DP World for Logistics Infrastructure Development

RITES Limited has entered into a strategic Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with global logistics giant DP World, aiming to collaborate on infrastructure development across India and the UAE. This partnership is set to explore joint ventures in ports, multimodal logistics parks, free trade zones, rail connectivity projects, and other logistics infrastructure services.

The development marks a key milestone for RITES as it aligns with India’s push to enhance its logistics capabilities and international trade corridors. Following the announcement, RITES’ share price witnessed a gain of over 2% during the trading session as of 11:07 AM. 

High-profile presence at signing ceremony

The MoU was signed in the esteemed presence of several high-ranking dignitaries, including HH Sheikh Hamdan Bin Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Crown Prince of Dubai and Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Defence of the UAE, and Shri Piyush Goyal, Honourable Minister of Commerce and Industry, Government of India.

The event, held as part of the CEO-Connect: Dubai-India Economic Ties & Opportunities in Mumbai, also saw the attendance of His Excellency Sultan Ahmed bin Sulayem, Group Chairman and CEO of DP World, and Mr Rahul Mithal, Chairman and Managing Director of RITES Limited, along with other notable figures from the business and policy ecosystem.

Strengthening India-UAE economic collaboration

The collaboration is seen as a step forward in reinforcing economic ties between India and the UAE. Both countries have been actively working towards strengthening trade relations, and this MoU is expected to pave the way for meaningful projects in the logistics and infrastructure space.

The agreement underscores the shared intent of both entities to leverage their strengths and contribute to the development of modern trade and transport ecosystems.

Conclusion 

The MoU between RITES and DP World marks a strategic step towards enhancing logistics infrastructure. It also reflects the growing Indo-UAE economic cooperation.

Disclaimer: This blog has been written exclusively for educational purposes. The securities mentioned are only examples and not recommendations. This does not constitute a personal recommendation/investment advice. It does not aim to influence any individual or entity to make investment decisions. Recipients should conduct their own research and assessments to form an independent opinion about investment decisions. 

Investments in the securities market are subject to market risks, read all the related documents carefully before investing.

Olectra Greentech’s Share Price Jumps Over 4% After Securing ₹424 Crore Order for 297 Electric Buses

Shares of Olectra Greentech Limited saw a sharp rise of over 4% following the announcement of a major contract win from Himachal Road Transport Corporation (HRTC). The electric mobility player has received a Letter of Award (LOA) for the supply and maintenance of 297 electric buses, marking another milestone in its journey to bolster sustainable public transportation in India.

Contract Details: Outright Sale and Maintenance

As per the official filing, the order involves an outright sale model, coupled with ongoing maintenance of the electric buses. The total contract value stands at approximately ₹424.01 crore. The project is slated for execution over an 11-month period from the date of the LOA.

Client and Execution Timeline

The order has been awarded by the Himachal Road Transport Corporation (HRTC), a domestic government transport body. Olectra will be responsible for delivering the buses as well as handling their maintenance during the specified contract tenure. The complete execution is expected to be spread out within 11 months, adding to the company’s existing pipeline of projects in electric mobility.

Positive Market Reaction

Olectra Greentech’s share price witnessed renewed investor interest following the announcement, with the share price rising over 4% during intraday trading as of 10:59 AM. The move underscores the market’s positive sentiment around the company’s growing role in India’s electric vehicle transition, especially in the public transport segment.

Conclusion

While the order itself adds a substantial revenue stream for Olectra Greentech, it also strengthens the company’s position in the EV ecosystem. The timely execution and maintenance of this contract will be crucial as the firm continues to expand its presence across various Indian states.

Disclaimer: This blog has been written exclusively for educational purposes. The securities mentioned are only examples and not recommendations. This does not constitute a personal recommendation/investment advice. It does not aim to influence any individual or entity to make investment decisions. Recipients should conduct their own research and assessments to form an independent opinion about investment decisions. 

Investments in the securities market are subject to market risks, read all the related documents carefully before investing.

VIP Clothing Expands Quick-Commerce Reach Through Partnership with Zepto

VIP Clothing Limited, one of India’s most recognised innerwear brands, has announced its latest step in digital transformation—partnering with Zepto, a leading quick-commerce platform. The collaboration aims to offer customers a seamless and rapid shopping experience for flagship brands like Frenchie, Feelings, and VIP, with the added convenience of doorstep delivery.

Share Price Movement

As of 10:53 AM, shares of VIP Clothing Limited were up by nearly 0.8%, following the announcement of a strategic partnership with Zepto.

Strengthening Consumer Connection in the Digital Age

The partnership reflects the evolving consumption patterns of today’s digitally-savvy youth, who increasingly prefer quick and reliable access to essentials. With Zepto’s advanced delivery infrastructure, VIP’s innerwear collection will now be just a few taps away for users across multiple cities, including Mumbai, Delhi NCR, Bengaluru, and Chennai.

Voices from the Partnership

Commenting on the collaboration, Mr Devendra Meel, Chief Business Officer at Zepto, expressed excitement in welcoming VIP Clothing Limited to their growing list of trusted partners. He said, “We are thrilled to welcome VIP Clothing Limited to our growing list of trusted brands. Our seller’s goal has always been to provide users with fast and reliable access to daily essentials,  and this partnership enhances that mission. Thanks to our sellers for enabling this. With VIP’s premium  innerwear now available on Zepto, we are confident that users will enjoy the ease of shopping for their  favourite products with just a few clicks.” 

Mr Sunil J. Pathare, Chairman and Managing Director of VIP Clothing Limited, said, “We are looking forward to our partnership with Zepto, as it represents a significant step towards enhancing the shopping experience. This collaboration aligns perfectly with our vision of making high‐quality innerwear easily accessible—whenever and wherever our customers need it. As we expand  into quick commerce, we look forward to reaching more consumers and providing them with the  efficiency and convenience they need for their everyday purchases.” 

About VIP Clothing Limited

With over 54 years of legacy, VIP Clothing Limited has carved a niche in the Indian apparel industry. Known for its commitment to quality and customer satisfaction, the company continues to innovate across its portfolio of innerwear brands.

About Zepto

Founded in 2021, Zepto has redefined rapid commerce in India, delivering over 45,000 products—including groceries, electronics, and apparel—across 70+ cities in just 10 minutes. The platform’s blend of technology and strategic fulfilment centres has made it a prominent name in the quick-commerce domain.

Conclusion

This development follows VIP’s successful foray onto Swiggy Instamart and underlines the company’s commitment to digital expansion. The alliance with Zepto is expected to bolster VIP’s presence in the growing quick-commerce space while complementing its robust offline retail footprint.

Disclaimer: This blog has been written exclusively for educational purposes. The securities mentioned are only examples and not recommendations. This does not constitute a personal recommendation/investment advice. It does not aim to influence any individual or entity to make investment decisions. Recipients should conduct their own research and assessments to form an independent opinion about investment decisions. 

Investments in the securities market are subject to market risks, read all the related documents carefully before investing.

India to Formalise ₹1,500 Crore Incentives for Recycling 24 Critical Minerals in 2025

India is expected to launch formalised incentive schemes in 2025 to promote the recycling of 24 identified critical minerals, such as lithium, cobalt, and zinc. These minerals are essential to India’s clean energy roadmap and net-zero greenhouse gas emissions target by 2070.

To support this initiative, the government has earmarked ₹1,500 crore (US$174.07 million) as part of a broader ₹16,300 crore (US$1.89 billion) commitment toward strengthening the critical minerals ecosystem in the country.

Capital Subsidies and PLIs May Be Introduced

According to sources, the incentive scheme is likely to include capital expenditure subsidies or production-linked incentives (PLIs). These incentives are expected to be disbursed over the next 4–5 years, encouraging private players to invest in mineral recycling infrastructure and innovation.

Goal: 75,000 Metric Tonnes of Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling

The initiative aims to scale India’s lithium-ion battery recycling capacity to 75,000 metric tonnes annually, a significant increase from current levels. This expansion is expected to strengthen India’s domestic supply chain for battery materials and reduce import dependence.

Customs Duties Removed on Key Mineral Waste

In a supporting move, the government removed customs duties in February 2025 on waste and scrap materials of lead, zinc, cobalt powder, and lithium-ion batteries. This step is likely to lower costs for recyclers and enhance material availability, which is crucial for scaling up operations.

EV Market Sees Rapid Growth % in 2024

India’s electric vehicle (EV) segment is accelerating. In 2024, EVs accounted for 2.5% of the 4.3 million cars sold, reflecting a 20% year-on-year growth compared to the broader market’s 5%. Analysts predict EV sales to double to 2,00,000 units in 2025, backed by new model launches and policy support.

Recycling as a Pillar of India’s Green Energy Push

By promoting recycling, India is taking a strategic step towards a circular economy and resource self-reliance. This approach not only contributes to sustainability but also supports job creation, industrial growth, and energy security—essential components of India’s green energy vision for 2070.

Conclusion 

As India progresses towards a low-carbon economy, such policy initiatives could become instrumental in accelerating the transition and fostering a robust circular economy for green technologies.

Disclaimer: This blog has been written exclusively for educational purposes. The securities mentioned are only examples and not recommendations. This does not constitute a personal recommendation/investment advice. It does not aim to influence any individual or entity to make investment decisions. Recipients should conduct their own research and assessments to form an independent opinion about investment decisions. 

Investments in the securities market are subject to market risks, read all the related documents carefully before investing.

192.4 Million Demat Accounts in FY25: Record 41.1 Million Added in a Single Year

In a significant milestone for India’s capital markets, the total number of demat accounts soared to an all-time high of 192.4 million in FY25. This remarkable figure includes a record-breaking 41.1 million new accounts opened in the financial year, the highest annual addition to date in absolute terms.

The monthly average of new demat account openings also hit a new peak, standing at 3.42 million—surpassing previous years and underlining the sustained enthusiasm among retail investors.

Growth Momentum Slows but Stays Strong

Despite the eye-catching numbers, the growth rate of demat accounts moderated slightly to 27.1% in FY25, down from 32.2% in FY23. This deceleration is largely due to a higher base effect, as the number of accounts has already reached elevated levels.

It is also important to note that the headline number does not represent unique investors, as individuals often operate multiple demat accounts. 

What’s Driving the Uptick?

The post-pandemic years have witnessed an explosion in retail interest in equities. Several factors have fuelled this surge:

  • Digital onboarding has made account opening swift and hassle-free.

  • Bullish market trends have drawn in new participants eager to ride the wave.

  • Lower trading costs have reduced the barrier to entry.

  • Broader access to secondary markets, IPOs, mutual funds, PMS, and AIFs has deepened investor penetration.

Institutional Support and Regulatory Push

The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has played a central role in supporting this growth. Through collaborative policymaking, a focus on investor protection, and efforts to enhance market stability, SEBI has helped create a conducive environment for both seasoned and first-time investors.

Initiatives by stock exchanges, clearing corporations, brokers, and registrars have further streamlined access, reinforcing confidence among retail participants.

Retail Participation and Market Sentiment

While structural improvements are evident, market sentiment continues to be a key driver of retail engagement. The perception of consistent past returns and optimism about future performance has encouraged many to begin or increase their market involvement.

Conclusion

The unprecedented growth in demat accounts is a clear indicator of India’s evolving investment culture. While challenges such as duplication of accounts and long-term investor education persist, the rising retail footprint signals a shift towards greater financial inclusion and market participation. As India edges closer to the 200-million mark, the focus must remain on sustainability, transparency, and informed investing.

Disclaimer: This blog has been written exclusively for educational purposes. The securities mentioned are only examples and not recommendations. This does not constitute a personal recommendation/investment advice. It does not aim to influence any individual or entity to make investment decisions. Recipients should conduct their own research and assessments to form an independent opinion about investment decisions. 

Investments in the securities market are subject to market risks, read all the related documents carefully before investing.