Government securities are debt instruments issued by the central government with varying maturities. Short-term government securities, also known as treasury bills, have a maturity period of either 91 days, 182 days, or 364 days. These zero-coupon securities are sold at a discount and do not pay any interest until maturity. They are considered low-risk investments and are commonly used by investors to park excess cash or as a benchmark for other short-term investments.