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Fixed Income Instruments

All terms related to investments like bonds or treasury bills that provide regular, fixed payments, and return the principal at maturity.

Bearer Debentures
Debentures, a common term in the world of finance, represent a type of debt instrument that companies often use to raise money. Unregistered debentures, as the name suggest...
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Bond Issuer
The coupon rate is the fixed interest rate that bond issuers pay to bondholders on a regular basis. This rate is determined by various factors, such as the issuer's credit ra...
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Bonds
A bond is a valuable financial instrument that represents a form of debt. It is commonly issued by companies, municipalities, or government agencies to raise funds for vario...
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Call Risk
A crucial aspect of bond investing is understanding callable bonds and the potential risks involved. These bonds have the ability to be redeemed before their intended maturi...
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Capital Indexed Bonds
Capital Indexed Bonds, also referred to as inflation-linked bonds, are a type of fixed income security that offers protection against inflation. These bonds have a base paym...
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Cash Management Bills (CMBs)
Let's discuss the concept of Cash Management Bills, which are essential tools for managing cash flow in the financial world. These are short-term bonds with a maturity perio...
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Clean Price
Accrued Interest is the interest that has accumulated on a bond since the last interest payment date. A bond's Clean Price refers to its value without including the accrued ...
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Climate Bonds
These instruments are typically debt securities, such as bonds, that offer a fixed rate of return to the investor. This allows investors to receive a steady stream of income ...
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Convertible Bonds
A Convertible Bond is a debt security that grants investors the option or obligation to convert the bond into a predetermined number of shares in the issuing company over th...
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Convertible Debentures
Convertible debentures are a type of financial instrument issued by companies, which can be converted into shares at a later time. These debentures are known as "convertible...
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Corporate Bonds
Corporate Bonds are a type of financial instrument used by companies to raise capital for various purposes such as reinvesting in their operations, acquiring other businesse...
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Coupon Rate
When investing in bonds, it is important to understand the concept of Coupon Rate. This refers to the interest rate that bondholders receive on their investment, which is de...
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Credit Rating
As a finance expert, it is important to understand the concept of Credit Rating or Bond Credit Rating. This term refers to the evaluation of the creditworthiness of both cor...
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Credit Risk
This is an essential concept in the world of finance and plays a crucial role in determining the interest rate on a loan. It is important for financial institutions to carefu...
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Current Yield
As a professor of finance, it is important to understand the concept of Current Yield. This term refers to the interest rate that an investor earns on the current market pri...
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Dated Government Securities
Government securities, also known as G-secs, are an important investment option for individuals and institutions alike. They are essentially loans taken by the government, w...
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Debentures
Debentures refer to fixed-rate bonds issued by companies, with interest payments and principal repayments scheduled on specific dates. Upon redemption, the principal amount ...
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Debt Instruments
These instruments come in different forms such as bonds, loans, mortgages, and certificates of deposits. They are a vital part of the financial market as they provide a means...
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Dirty Price
When discussing bond prices, it is important to understand the concept of Dirty Price. This term refers to the total price of a bond, which includes both the clean price and...
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Eurobonds
to raise funds in a foreign market. These bonds are typically denominated in a major currency such as US dollars or Euros, and are not subject to the regulations of the count...
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Face Value
This is also known as the par value or principal amount. It is important to note that the market value of a bond may differ from its face value. Bonds are typically sold at a...
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Fixed-rate Bonds
These are issued by corporations and governments to raise funds for various projects and operations. The interest rate on fixed-rate bonds is determined at the time of issuan...
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Floating Rate Bonds
In the world of finance, there is a type of bond known as the Floating Rate Bond. Now, what sets this bond apart from others is its variable interest rate. Unlike traditional...
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Government Bonds
They have a fixed maturity period and are considered one of the safest investment options. In the world of finance, there exists a powerful tool known as government bonds. ...
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Government Guarantee/Sovereign Guarantee
A fundamental concept in finance is the Government Guarantee, also known as Sovereign Guarantee. This refers to the assurance provided by a government to investors, guarante...
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Green Bonds
In the world of finance, there exists a unique type of bond known as a green bond. While similar to traditional bonds in structure, a green bond stands out due to its specif...
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Inflation Risk
This risk is common in the bond market and is a major concern for investors. Inflation can reduce the purchasing power of the fixed interest payments from your bond, making i...
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Inflation-linked Bonds
In the world of finance, there exists a type of security known as Inflation-linked Bonds. These bonds are designed to protect investors from the harmful effects of inflation....
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Investment-grade Bonds
Investment-grade Bonds refer to bonds that possess low credit risk and are assigned high credit ratings. These bonds are considered less risky as they are issued by companie...
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Irredeemable Debentures
These debentures have no fixed date of redemption Irredeemable debentures are a type of financial instrument that lacks a specific maturity date and are held until the comp...
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Liquidity Risk
Liquidity, a fundamental concept in finance, refers to the ability to quickly and efficiently convert assets into cash. As such, Liquidity Risk is the potential for losses w...
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Market Value
It is determined by various factors such as interest rates, credit rating, and time remaining until maturity. A key concept in the world of finance is the Market Value of a ...
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Maturity Date
A bond's value is determined by its face value, coupon rate, and time to maturity. In the world of finance, there comes a time when bonds must be repaid. This is known as th...
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Non-convertible Debentures
. Non-convertible debentures, also known as NCDs, are a type of debt instrument that cannot be converted into equity shares of a company. These debentures are typically issue...
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Non-investment Grade/ High Yield Bonds
In the world of finance, bonds are often classified based on their credit ratings. Those that fall below the Baa3 or BBB- rating are deemed non-investment grade. This is due ...
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Optionally Fully Convertible Debentures
, is known as a convertible debenture. A convertible debenture refers to a type of debt instrument that can be exchanged for company shares at a previously agreed upon price...
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Perpetual Bonds
Bonds without a set maturity date are classified as perpetuities, as they continue to generate a fixed interest income indefinitely. This unique feature often leads to bonds...
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Redeemable Debentures
This type of debt instrument is typically used by companies to raise funds without diluting ownership. A debenture, in the world of finance, is a form of debt instrument th...
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Registered Debentures
Registered debentures are a type of debt instrument issued by a company. The company keeps a record of the details of the debenture holders, such as their name and address, ...
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Revenue Bonds
Municipal bonds are a type of financial instrument that can help fund government projects. One type of municipal bond is known as a revenue bond, which relies on the profits...
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Secured Bonds
Secured bonds are a financial instrument used by corporations and governments to raise capital through the issuance of debt. These bonds are backed by collateral or physical...
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Secured Debentures
Debentures, a type of financial instrument, can be divided into two categories: secured and unsecured. Secured debentures are backed by a specific asset, providing security ...
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Sovereign Gold Bonds
Let's discuss a fascinating topic in the world of finance - SGBs or Sovereign Gold Bonds. These bonds, denominated in grams of gold, serve as an alternative to owning physic...
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Specific Coupon rate Debentures
Debentures with a fixed interest rate are referred to as Specific Coupon Debentures. These financial instruments allow companies to raise capital by issuing bonds to invest...
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State Development Loans (SDLs)
The interest and principal are paid on the maturity date. As we delve into the world of finance, it is important to understand the concept of State Development Loans. These...
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Treasury bills (T-bills)
Government securities are debt instruments issued by the central government with varying maturities. Short-term government securities, also known as treasury bills, have a m...
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Yield To Maturity
It takes into account the bond's current price, par value, coupon rate, and time to maturity. Understanding the yield to maturity (YTM) is crucial for any investor in the b...
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Zero-coupon Bonds
These bonds are often used as a means of raising long-term capital for a company or government entity. The difference between the discount price and the face value is conside...
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