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Participating Organizations (POs) are entities that have joined a financial market or exchange to conduct business. They can be banks, brokerage firms, or other financial institutions. POs play a crucial role in maintaining the efficiency and stability of the financial market by facilitating the buying and selling of securities. On the other hand, members are individuals or firms who have been granted permission by the POs to trade on their behalf. As a knowledgeable professor, it is essential to understand the roles and responsibilities of POs and members in the world of finance.