A capital asset refers to any asset that is held for investment purposes, such as real estate, stocks, or bonds. When a capital asset is sold for a profit, this is known as a gain on the sale. This gain is calculated by subtracting the original purchase price from the selling price. It is an important concept to understand in finance as it can impact tax obligations and overall investment strategies. By familiarizing ourselves with this term, we can make informed decisions when it comes to managing our finances and achieving financial growth.